diff --git a/backend/app/api/routes/test_mode.py b/backend/app/api/routes/test_mode.py
index af46bd9..da74913 100644
--- a/backend/app/api/routes/test_mode.py
+++ b/backend/app/api/routes/test_mode.py
@@ -30,12 +30,6 @@ async def preview_test_seat(
         seat_id=seat_id,
     )
 
-    if not seat.seat_id:
-        raise HTTPException(
-            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
-            detail="Невозможно построить preview: у места отсутствует seat_id",
-        )
-
     matched_rule_level = None
     matched_target_ref = None
     pricing_category_id = None
@@ -43,6 +37,27 @@ async def preview_test_seat(
     currency = None
     has_price = False
 
+    if not seat.seat_id:
+        return TestSeatPreviewResponse(
+            scheme_id=scheme.scheme_id,
+            scheme_version_id=version.scheme_version_id,
+            seat_id=seat.seat_id,
+            element_id=seat.element_id,
+            sector_id=seat.sector_id,
+            group_id=seat.group_id,
+            row_label=seat.row_label,
+            seat_number=seat.seat_number,
+            selectable=False,
+            has_price=False,
+            matched_rule_level=None,
+            matched_target_ref=None,
+            pricing_category_id=None,
+            amount=None,
+            currency=None,
+            reason_code="missing_seat_id",
+            reason_message="Seat is not sellable because seat_id is missing.",
+        )
+
     try:
         matched_rule_level, rule = await find_effective_price_rule(
             scheme_id=scheme.scheme_id,
@@ -52,7 +67,7 @@ async def preview_test_seat(
         )
         matched_target_ref = rule["target_ref"]
         pricing_category_id = rule["pricing_category_id"]
-        amount = rule["amount"]
+        amount = str(rule["amount"])
         currency = rule["currency"]
         has_price = True
     except HTTPException as exc:
@@ -66,15 +81,25 @@ async def preview_test_seat(
         )
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
-            detail=f"Не удалось построить preview: {exc.__class__.__name__}: {exc}",
+            detail={
+                "code": "test_preview_failed",
+                "message": f"Не удалось построить preview: {exc.__class__.__name__}: {exc}",
+            },
         )
 
+    if has_price:
+        reason_code = "ok"
+        reason_message = "Seat is sellable."
+    else:
+        reason_code = "no_price_rule"
+        reason_message = "Seat is not sellable because no effective price rule was found."
+
     return TestSeatPreviewResponse(
         scheme_id=scheme.scheme_id,
         scheme_version_id=version.scheme_version_id,
         seat_id=seat.seat_id,
         element_id=seat.element_id,
-        sector_id=seat.sector_id,
+        sector_id=seat.seat_id and seat.sector_id,
         group_id=seat.group_id,
         row_label=seat.row_label,
         seat_number=seat.seat_number,
@@ -85,4 +110,6 @@ async def preview_test_seat(
         pricing_category_id=pricing_category_id,
         amount=amount,
         currency=currency,
+        reason_code=reason_code,
+        reason_message=reason_message,
     )
diff --git a/backend/app/schemas/test_mode.py b/backend/app/schemas/test_mode.py
index 61335da..25d1e2c 100644
--- a/backend/app/schemas/test_mode.py
+++ b/backend/app/schemas/test_mode.py
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-from decimal import Decimal
-
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
 
 class TestSeatPreviewResponse(BaseModel):
     scheme_id: str
     scheme_version_id: str
-    seat_id: str
+    seat_id: str | None
     element_id: str | None
     sector_id: str | None
     group_id: str | None
@@ -17,5 +15,7 @@ class TestSeatPreviewResponse(BaseModel):
     matched_rule_level: str | None
     matched_target_ref: str | None
     pricing_category_id: str | None
-    amount: Decimal | None
+    amount: str | None
     currency: str | None
+    reason_code: str
+    reason_message: str
diff --git a/backend/docs/api-map.md b/backend/docs/api-map.md
index d4401aa..2f7a3f9 100644
--- a/backend/docs/api-map.md
+++ b/backend/docs/api-map.md
@@ -84,3 +84,5 @@
 - This file is an operational route index, not a generated OpenAPI export.
 - Update this map in the same change set when adding, removing, renaming, or moving routes.
 - Query guards such as expected_current_scheme_version_id / expected_scheme_version_id are part of the operational contract for optimistic concurrency on mutable flows.
+
+- Test mode response now includes reason_code and reason_message for sellability diagnostics.
diff --git a/backend/docs/smoke-regression.md b/backend/docs/smoke-regression.md
index ecd3887..b709098 100644
--- a/backend/docs/smoke-regression.md
+++ b/backend/docs/smoke-regression.md
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ Validate:
 Validate:
 - pricing bundle contains categories and rules arrays
 - effective seat price resolves according to domain priority
-- test seat preview explains selectable / has_price state
+- test seat preview explains selectable / has_price state and returns reason_code / reason_message
 - pricing write responses are stable and typed
 - stale pricing mutation returns `detail.code = stale_draft_version`